1. 总体设计图
上图是 Volley 的总体设计图，主要是通过两种Diapatch Thread不断从RequestQueue中取出请求，根据是否已缓存调用Cache或Network这两类数据获取接口之一，从内存缓存或是服务器取得请求的数据，然后交由ResponseDelivery去做结果分发及回调处理。
2. Volley中的概念
简单介绍一些概念，在详细设计中会仔细介绍。
Volley 的调用比较简单，通过 newRequestQueue(…) 函数新建并启动一个请求队列RequestQueue后，只需要往这个RequestQueue不断 add Request 即可。
Volley：Volley 对外暴露的 API，通过 newRequestQueue(…) 函数新建并启动一个请求队列RequestQueue。
Request：表示一个请求的抽象类。StringRequest、JsonRequest、ImageRequest都是它的子类，表示某种类型的请求。
RequestQueue：表示请求队列，里面包含一个CacheDispatcher(用于处理走缓存请求的调度线程)、NetworkDispatcher数组(用于处理走网络请求的调度线程)，一个ResponseDelivery(返回结果分发接口)，通过 start() 函数启动时会启动CacheDispatcher和NetworkDispatchers。
CacheDispatcher：一个线程，用于调度处理走缓存的请求。启动后会不断从缓存请求队列中取请求处理，队列为空则等待，请求处理结束则将结果传递给ResponseDelivery去执行后续处理。当结果未缓存过、缓存失效或缓存需要刷新的情况下，该请求都需要重新进入NetworkDispatcher去调度处理。
NetworkDispatcher：一个线程，用于调度处理走网络的请求。启动后会不断从网络请求队列中取请求处理，队列为空则等待，请求处理结束则将结果传递给ResponseDelivery去执行后续处理，并判断结果是否要进行缓存。
ResponseDelivery：返回结果分发接口，目前只有基于ExecutorDelivery的在入参 handler 对应线程内进行分发。
HttpStack：处理 Http 请求，返回请求结果。目前 Volley 中有基于 HttpURLConnection 的HurlStack和 基于 Apache HttpClient 的HttpClientStack。
Network：调用HttpStack处理请求，并将结果转换为可被ResponseDelivery处理的NetworkResponse。
Cache：缓存请求结果，Volley 默认使用的是基于 sdcard 的DiskBasedCache。NetworkDispatcher得到请求结果后判断是否需要存储在 Cache，CacheDispatcher会从 Cache 中取缓存结果。
3. 流程图
Volley 请求流程图
其中蓝色部分代表主线程，绿色部分代表缓存线程，橙色部分代表网络线程。我们在主线程中调用RequestQueue的add()方法来添加一条网络请求，这条请求会先被加入到缓存队列当中，如果发现可以找到相应的缓存结果就直接读取缓存并解析，然后回调给主线程。如果在缓存中没有找到结果，则将这条请求加入到网络请求队列中，然后处理发送HTTP请求，解析响应结果，写入缓存，并回调主线程。
4. 源码分析
使用Volley的第一步，首先要调用Volley.newRequestQueue(context)方法来获取一个RequestQueue对象，那么我们自然要从这个方法开始看起了，代码如下所示：
public static RequestQueue newRequestQueue(Context context) {
return newRequestQueue(context, null);
}
public static RequestQueue newRequestQueue(Context context, HttpStack stack) {
File cacheDir = new File(context.getCacheDir(), DEFAULT_CACHE_DIR);
String userAgent = "volley/0";
try {
String packageName = context.getPackageName();
PackageInfo info = context.getPackageManager().getPackageInfo(packageName, 0);
userAgent = packageName + "/" + info.versionCode;
} catch (NameNotFoundException e) {
}
//如果stack是等于null的，则去创建一个HttpStack对象,手机系统版本号是大于9的，则创建一个HurlStack的实例，否则就创建一个HttpClientStack的实例,HurlStack的内部就是使用HttpURLConnection进行网络通讯的，而HttpClientStack的内部则是使用HttpClient进行网络通讯的
if (stack == null) {
if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= 9) {
stack = new HurlStack();
} else {
stack = new HttpClientStack(AndroidHttpClient.newInstance(userAgent));
}
}
//创建了一个Network对象，它是用于根据传入的HttpStack对象来处理网络请求的
Network network = new BasicNetwork(stack);
RequestQueue queue = new RequestQueue(new DiskBasedCache(cacheDir), network);
queue.start();
return queue;
}
最终会走到RequestQueue的start()方法，然后将RequestQueue返回。去看看RequestQueue的start()方法内部到底执行了什么？
public void start() {
stop(); // Make sure any currently running dispatchers are stopped.
//先是创建了一个CacheDispatcher的实例，然后调用了它的start()方法
mCacheDispatcher = new CacheDispatcher(mCacheQueue, mNetworkQueue, mCache, mDelivery);
mCacheDispatcher.start();
//for循环创建NetworkDispatcher的实例，并分别调用它们的start()方法
for (int i = 0; i < mDispatchers.length; i++) {
NetworkDispatcher networkDispatcher = new NetworkDispatcher(mNetworkQueue, mNetwork, mCache, mDelivery);
mDispatchers[i] = networkDispatcher;
networkDispatcher.start();
}
}
CacheDispatcher和NetworkDispatcher都是继承自Thread的，而默认情况下for循环会执行四次，也就是说当调用了Volley.newRequestQueue(context)之后，就会有五个线程一直在后台运行，不断等待网络请求的到来，其中CacheDispatcher是缓存线程，NetworkDispatcher是网络请求线程。
得到了RequestQueue之后，我们只需要构建出相应的Request，然后调用RequestQueue的add()方法将Request传入就可以完成网络请求操作了，来看看add()方法吧：
public Request add(Request request) {
// Tag the request as belonging to this queue and add it to the set of current requests.
request.setRequestQueue(this);
synchronized (mCurrentRequests) {
mCurrentRequests.add(request);
}
// Process requests in the order they are added.
request.setSequence(getSequenceNumber());
request.addMarker("add-to-queue");
//判断当前的请求是否可以缓存，如果不能缓存则直接将这条请求加入网络请求队列
if (!request.shouldCache()) {
mNetworkQueue.add(request);
return request;
}
// Insert request into stage if there's already a request with the same cache key in flight.
synchronized (mWaitingRequests) {
String cacheKey = request.getCacheKey();
if (mWaitingRequests.containsKey(cacheKey)) {
// There is already a request in flight. Queue up.
Queue<Request<?>> stagedRequests = mWaitingRequests.get(cacheKey);
if (stagedRequests == null) {
stagedRequests = new LinkedList<Request<?>>();
}
stagedRequests.add(request);
mWaitingRequests.put(cacheKey, stagedRequests);
if (VolleyLog.DEBUG) {
VolleyLog.v("Request for cacheKey=%s is in flight, putting on hold.", cacheKey);
}
} else {
//当前的请求可以缓存的话则将这条请求加入缓存队列
mWaitingRequests.put(cacheKey, null);
mCacheQueue.add(request);
}
return request;
}
}
在默认情况下，每条请求都是可以缓存的，当然我们也可以调用Request的setShouldCache(false)方法来改变这一默认行为。既然默认每条请求都是可以缓存的，自然就被添加到了缓存队列中，于是一直在后台等待的缓存线程就要开始运行起来了，我们看下CacheDispatcher中的run()方法
public class CacheDispatcher extends Thread {
……
@Override
public void run() {
if (DEBUG) VolleyLog.v("start new dispatcher");
Process.setThreadPriority(Process.THREAD_PRIORITY_BACKGROUND);
// Make a blocking call to initialize the cache.
mCache.initialize();
while (true) {
try {
// Get a request from the cache triage queue, blocking until
// at least one is available.
final Request<?> request = mCacheQueue.take();
request.addMarker("cache-queue-take");
// If the request has been canceled, don't bother dispatching it.
if (request.isCanceled()) {
request.finish("cache-discard-canceled");
continue;
}
//尝试从缓存当中取出响应结果
Cache.Entry entry = mCache.get(request.getCacheKey());
if (entry == null) {
request.addMarker("cache-miss");
// 如何为空的话则把这条请求加入到网络请求队列中
mNetworkQueue.put(request);
continue;
}
// 如果不为空的话再判断该缓存是否已过期，如果已经过期了则同样把这条请求加入到网络请求队列中
if (entry.isExpired()) {
request.addMarker("cache-hit-expired");
request.setCacheEntry(entry);
mNetworkQueue.put(request);
continue;
}
//没有过期就认为不需要重发网络请求，直接使用缓存中的数据即可
request.addMarker("cache-hit");
//对数据进行解析
Response<?> response = request.parseNetworkResponse(
new NetworkResponse(entry.data, entry.responseHeaders));
request.addMarker("cache-hit-parsed");
if (!entry.refreshNeeded()) {
// Completely unexpired cache hit. Just deliver the response.
mDelivery.postResponse(request, response);
} else {
// Soft-expired cache hit. We can deliver the cached response,
// but we need to also send the request to the network for
// refreshing.
request.addMarker("cache-hit-refresh-needed");
request.setCacheEntry(entry);
// Mark the response as intermediate.
response.intermediate = true;
// Post the intermediate response back to the user and have
// the delivery then forward the request along to the network.
mDelivery.postResponse(request, response, new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
try {
mNetworkQueue.put(request);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
// Not much we can do about this.
}
}
});
}
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
// We may have been interrupted because it was time to quit.
if (mQuit) {
return;
}
continue;
}
}
}
}
来看一下NetworkDispatcher中是怎么处理网络请求队列的
public class NetworkDispatcher extends Thread {
……
@Override
public void run() {
Process.setThreadPriority(Process.THREAD_PRIORITY_BACKGROUND);
Request<?> request;
while (true) {
try {
// Take a request from the queue.
request = mQueue.take();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
// We may have been interrupted because it was time to quit.
if (mQuit) {
return;
}
continue;
}
try {
request.addMarker("network-queue-take");
// If the request was cancelled already, do not perform the
// network request.
if (request.isCanceled()) {
request.finish("network-discard-cancelled");
continue;
}
addTrafficStatsTag(request);
//调用Network的performRequest()方法来去发送网络请求
NetworkResponse networkResponse = mNetwork.performRequest(request);
request.addMarker("network-http-complete");
// If the server returned 304 AND we delivered a response already,
// we're done -- don't deliver a second identical response.
if (networkResponse.notModified && request.hasHadResponseDelivered()) {
request.finish("not-modified");
continue;
}
// Parse the response here on the worker thread.
Response<?> response = request.parseNetworkResponse(networkResponse);
request.addMarker("network-parse-complete");
// Write to cache if applicable.
// TODO: Only update cache metadata instead of entire record for 304s.
if (request.shouldCache() && response.cacheEntry != null) {
mCache.put(request.getCacheKey(), response.cacheEntry);
request.addMarker("network-cache-written");
}
// Post the response back.
request.markDelivered();
mDelivery.postResponse(request, response);
} catch (VolleyError volleyError) {
parseAndDeliverNetworkError(request, volleyError);
} catch (Exception e) {
VolleyLog.e(e, "Unhandled exception %s", e.toString());
mDelivery.postError(request, new VolleyError(e));
}
}
}
}
调用Network的performRequest()方法来去发送网络请求 ，而Network是一个接口，这里具体的实现是BasicNetwork，我们来看下它的performRequest()方法
public class BasicNetwork implements Network {
……
@Override
public NetworkResponse performRequest(Request<?> request) throws VolleyError {
long requestStart = SystemClock.elapsedRealtime();
while (true) {
HttpResponse httpResponse = null;
byte[] responseContents = null;
Map<String, String> responseHeaders = new HashMap<String, String>();
try {
// Gather headers.
Map<String, String> headers = new HashMap<String, String>();
addCacheHeaders(headers, request.getCacheEntry());
//调用了HttpStack的performRequest()方法，这里的HttpStack就是在一开始调用newRequestQueue()方法是创建的实例，默认情况下如果系统版本号大于9就创建的HurlStack对象，否则创建HttpClientStack对象
httpResponse = mHttpStack.performRequest(request, headers);
StatusLine statusLine = httpResponse.getStatusLine();
int statusCode = statusLine.getStatusCode();
responseHeaders = convertHeaders(httpResponse.getAllHeaders());
// Handle cache validation.
if (statusCode == HttpStatus.SC_NOT_MODIFIED) {
//将服务器返回的数据组装成一个NetworkResponse对象进行返回
return new NetworkResponse(HttpStatus.SC_NOT_MODIFIED,
request.getCacheEntry() == null ? null : request.getCacheEntry().data,
responseHeaders, true);
}
// Some responses such as 204s do not have content. We must check.
if (httpResponse.getEntity() != null) {
responseContents = entityToBytes(httpResponse.getEntity());
} else {
// Add 0 byte response as a way of honestly representing a
// no-content request.
responseContents = new byte[0];
}
// if the request is slow, log it.
long requestLifetime = SystemClock.elapsedRealtime() - requestStart;
logSlowRequests(requestLifetime, request, responseContents, statusLine);
if (statusCode < 200 || statusCode > 299) {
throw new IOException();
}
return new NetworkResponse(statusCode, responseContents, responseHeaders, false);
} catch (Exception e) {
……
}
}
}
}
在NetworkDispatcher中收到了NetworkResponse这个返回值后又会调用Request的parseNetworkResponse()方法来解析NetworkResponse中的数据，以及将数据写入到缓存，这个方法的实现是交给Request的子类来完成的，因为不同种类的Request解析的方式也肯定不同。还记得自定义Request的方式吗？其中parseNetworkResponse()这个方法就是必须要重写的。
在解析完了NetworkResponse中的数据之后，又会调用ExecutorDelivery的postResponse()方法来回调解析出的数据
public void postResponse(Request<?> request, Response<?> response, Runnable runnable) {
request.markDelivered();
request.addMarker("post-response");
mResponsePoster.execute(new ResponseDeliveryRunnable(request, response, runnable));
}
在mResponsePoster的execute()方法中传入了一个ResponseDeliveryRunnable对象，就可以保证该对象中的run()方法就是在主线程当中运行的了，我们看下run()方法中的代码是什么样的：
private class ResponseDeliveryRunnable implements Runnable {
private final Request mRequest;
private final Response mResponse;
private final Runnable mRunnable;
public ResponseDeliveryRunnable(Request request, Response response, Runnable runnable) {
mRequest = request;
mResponse = response;
mRunnable = runnable;
}
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
@Override
public void run() {
// If this request has canceled, finish it and don't deliver.
if (mRequest.isCanceled()) {
mRequest.finish("canceled-at-delivery");
return;
}
// Deliver a normal response or error, depending.
if (mResponse.isSuccess()) {
mRequest.deliverResponse(mResponse.result);
} else {
mRequest.deliverError(mResponse.error);
}
// If this is an intermediate response, add a marker, otherwise we're done
// and the request can be finished.
if (mResponse.intermediate) {
mRequest.addMarker("intermediate-response");
} else {
mRequest.finish("done");
}
// If we have been provided a post-delivery runnable, run it.
if (mRunnable != null) {
mRunnable.run();
}
}
}
其中在第22行调用了Request的deliverResponse()方法，有没有感觉很熟悉？没错，这个就是我们在自定义Request时需要重写的另外一个方法，每一条网络请求的响应都是回调到这个方法中，最后我们再在这个方法中将响应的数据回调到Response.Listener的onResponse()方法中就可以了。